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Alzheimer's disease, which is a progressive neurologic disorder, is the most common form of dementia. Although there are various treatment options for Alzheimer’s disease, there is no definite treatment for this disease yet. In this study it was aimed to investigate the treatment potentials of three bis(3-(4-nitrophenyl)acrylamide) derivatives, two of which are known and one is new, for Alzheimer's disease. The study consists of three parts; in the first part of the study, synthesis and characterization studies of the investigated compounds were carried out. In the characterization of the compounds, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, LC-MS and elemental analysis techniques were used. In the second part of the study, the compounds were investigated computationally with the assistance of various computational techniques including density functional theory (DFT) calculations, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. In this part, binding free energy calculations were also performed on the investigated compounds. Results of computational studies showed that synthesized compounds interacted with AChE effectively and can be promising structures as AChE inhibitors. In the last part of the study, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the compounds were investigated. Antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH? and ABTS?? radical scavenging methods. According to the DPPH? test, the most active compound was found to be 2, while the most active compound was found to be 3 according to the ABTS? test, showing that these methods for antioxidant assay were not significantly correlated with each other. On the other hand, the results of the antimicrobial activity tests showed that compound 3 was the most active compound, which exhibited both antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.
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Alzheimer's disease, which is a progressive neurologic disorder, is the most common form of dementia. Although there are various treatment options for Alzheimer’s disease, there is no definite treatment for this disease yet. In this study it was aimed to investigate the treatment potentials of three bis(3-(4-nitrophenyl)acrylamide) derivatives, two of which are known and one is new, for Alzheimer's disease. The study consists of three parts; in the first part of the study, synthesis and characterization studies of the investigated compounds were carried out. In the characterization of the compounds, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, LC-MS and elemental analysis techniques were used. In the second part of the study, the compounds were investigated computationally with the assistance of various computational techniques including density functional theory (DFT) calculations, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. In this part, binding free energy calculations were also performed on the investigated compounds. Results of computational studies showed that synthesized compounds interacted with AChE effectively and can be promising structures as AChE inhibitors. In the last part of the study, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the compounds were investigated. Antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH? and ABTS?? radical scavenging methods. According to the DPPH? test, the most active compound was found to be 2, while the most active compound was found to be 3 according to the ABTS? test, showing that these methods for antioxidant assay were not significantly correlated with each other. On the other hand, the results of the antimicrobial activity tests showed that compound 3 was the most active compound, which exhibited both antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.
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@#Gingival pigmentation is a nonplaque gum disease. Patients are often afraid to communicate with others because of gum color problems, which affect the social and mental health of patients. The commonly used treatment methods for gingival pigmentation include scalpel excision, gingival grinding, laser therapy, cryosurgery and electrosurgery. In this paper, the progress of gingival pigmentation treatment was reviewed in terms of bleeding, pain, tissue healing and recoloring. The results showed that the clinical effect of laser treatment was better. Among them, the semiconductor laser had more advantages in reducing bleeding, pain and the restaining rate, while the Er:Cr:YSSG/Er:YAG laser performed better for promoting tissue healing. Clinicians can choose the best kind of laser to use according to the actual situation. For patients with thin gingival biotypes, floating gingival transplantation or substitute materials can be selected to restore the gingival morphology. With the in-depth study of melanin regulation mechanisms, various drugs, such as ascorbic acid, natural peptides, synthetic peptides and derivatives, may be the main research direction for the treatment of gingival pigmentation in the future.
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This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Biling Weitong Granules in the treatment of stomach ache disorder. Randomized controlled trial(RCT) of Biling Weitong Granules in the treatment of digestive diseases with stomach ache disorder as the primary symptom was retrieved from Chinese and English electronic databases and trial registration platforms from database inception to June 10, 2022. Two investigators conducted literature screening and data extraction according to the screening criteria. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool(v 2.0) was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4 and R 4.2.2, with summary estimates measured using fixed or random effects models. The primary outcome indicators were the visual analogue scale(VAS) scores and stomach ache disorder symptom scores. The secondary outcome indicators were clinical recovery rate, Helicobacter pylori(Hp) eradication rate, and adverse reaction/events. Twenty-seven RCTs were included with a sample size of 2 902 cases. Meta-analysis showed that compared with conventional western medicine treatments or placebo, Biling Weitong Granules could improve VAS scores(SMD=-1.90, 95%CI[-2.18,-1.61], P<0.000 01), stomach ache disorder symptom scores(SMD=-1.26, 95%CI[-1.71,-0.82], P<0.000 01), the clinical recovery rate(RR=1.85, 95%CI[1.66, 2.08], P<0.000 01), and Hp eradication rate(RR=1.28, 95%CI[1.20, 1.37], P<0.000 01). Safety evaluation revealed that the main adverse events in the Biling Weitong Granules included nausea and vomiting, rash, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and bitter mouth, and no serious adverse events were reported. Egger's test showed no statistical significance, indicating no publication bias. The results showed that Biling Weitong Granules in the treatment of digestive system diseases with stomach ache disorder as the primary symptom could improve the VAS scores and stomach ache disorder symptom scores of patients, relieve stomach ache disorder, and improve the clinical recovery rate and Hp eradication rate, with good safety and no serious adverse reactions. However, the quality of the original studies was low with certain limitations. Future studies should use unified and standardized detection methods and evaluation criteria of outcome indicators, pay attention to the rigor of study design and implementation, and highlight the clinical safety of the medicine to provide more reliable clinical evidence support for clinical application.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dyspepsia , Abdominal Pain , Stomach DiseasesABSTRACT
Objective To study the curative effects of traditional Chinese medicine paste combined with Baduanjin in treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP). Methods 120 OVCF patients treated with PVP in our hospital from January 2016 to September 2017 were divided into the observation group (60 cases) and the control group (60 cases) according to the random number table method. The control group was given calcium carbonate D3 chewable tablets orally with routine guidance. In addition to the same treatment as the control group, the observation group received the traditional Chinese medicine paste orally with Baduanjin exercise. Both groups were treated for 6 months and followed-up for 3 years. The curative effects in the two groups after 6 months treatment and the low back pain after 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment were recorded. The changes of bone mineral density (BMD), kyphosis angle (Cobb angle), anterior wall height of vertebral body (AVBH) and level of bone metabolism indexes in the two groups were compared before and after treatment for 6 months. The follow-up times and the incidences of push-back fracture after PVP during follow-up were recorded. Results After 6 months of treatment, the clinical cure rate of the observation group was 73.33%, which was higher than 53.33% of the control group(P<0.05). Compared with pretreatment, the scores of visual analogue scale (VAS) in the two groups gradually decreased after 3 and 6 months of treatment, and the observation group had a lower scores than the control group (P<0.05). After 6 months treatment, BMD and AVBH of lumbar vertebrae and femoral neck in both groups increased, and the observation group was higher than that in the control group. The Cobb angle and serum levels of Type I procollagen degradation products (β-Cross I), the n-terminal middle osteocalcin (N-MID Ost) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) decreased in both groups, and the observation group was lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in fracture incidence after PVP in the year 1, year 1 to 3 follow up between the two groups (P>0.05). During the 3 years follow-up, the incidence of push-body fracture after PVP in the observation group was 3.33%, which was lower than that in the control group 20.00%( P<0.05). Conclusion Traditional Chinese medicine paste combined with Baduanjin reduced the serum levels of β-Cross I, N-MID Ost and PTH, regulated bone metabolism, improved BMD and AVBH of lumbar vertebrae and femoral neck, reduced Cobb angle, promoted the recovery of lumbar function, alleviated patients' back pain, lowered the incidence of push-body fracture after PVP. The curative effects were remarkable.
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The poetic medical philosophies of Siddha were presented in palm scripts cannot be easily interpreted by common man. According to this system, the disease classification is based on the concepts of Tridosha pathology (Vatham, Pitham and Kabham). The Siddha concept of tri-humoural theory seems poles apart from those of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) when viewed afar. This review article is an attempt to correlate clinically, the symptoms of “Net?ic?laivatam”, a disease given in the Siddha text Y?ki vaittiya cint?ma?i - 800 with that of the common ailment Sinusitis mentioned in contemporary science. Through meticulous interpretation and parallel analysis of the condition it can be concluded that the signs and symptoms of ‘Net?ic?laivatam’ can be correlated well with that of Sinusitis. This parallel analysis would further pave way for better perceptive, diagnosis and management of the disease ‘Net?ic?laivatam’ as mentioned in Siddha literature
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Phenytoin, a drug of choice for Epilepsy is also known for its adverse effects. The most common adverse effect due to phenytoin is cognition impairment. Cognition impairment is a serious problem in society as it debars the person's social life. Thus to overcome such a problem demand for a solution arises. Huperzine, sesquiterpene alkaloids having immense neuroprotective properties. Thus in this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of huperzine on Phenytoin- induced Cognition Impairment. The protective effect of huperzine on phenytoin-induced cognition impairment was evaluated in rats. The effect of Huperzine on phenytoin-induced cognitive impairment was evaluated by behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological studies. The co-administration of huperzine with phenytoin showed significant results. The treatment of Huperzine with phenytoin resulted in significant improvement in learning and memory. The oxidative stress induced by Phenytoin was reversed by huperzine. A significant decrease in cholinesterase activity was also observed. The histopathology showed damaged neuronal cells in periventricular regions and cortex due to phenytoin which was altered by Huperzine. Thus, the present study demonstrates the protective effect of huperzine on phenytoin-induced cognition impairment.
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Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory and antigenotoxic effect with the neuroprotective activity of Glaucium corniculatum methanol and water extracts rich in rutin and quercetin flavonoids. Neuroprotective activity in terms of cell survival and development against oxidative damage was measured by MTT assay and microscopic analysis in H2O2-induced NGF-differentiated PC12 (dPC12) cells. QRT-PCR and western blot hybridization method was employed for the determination of AChE inhibition of the extracts in the same cell model, and the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects were identified with Comet assay with human lymphocytes. H2O2-induced vitality loss in dPC12 cells was inhibited in pre-treated cells with these plant extracts. Moreover, extracts stimulated neurite formation and prevented the oxidative stress-induced reduction in neurite growth. In general, it was determined that G. corniculatum methanol extract containing higher amounts of rutin and quercetin was more effective than water extract in terms of AChE inhibitory, antigenotoxic and also neuroprotective effect. In this study, it was shown for the first time that both AChE inhibitory and antigenotoxic effects of G. corniculatum may be effective in neuroprotection and it's protective and therapeutic effects against neurodegeneration may be related to the flavonoid content.
Subject(s)
Acetylcholinesterase/adverse effects , Plant Extracts/agonists , Papaveraceae/classification , Neuroprotection , Pain/classification , Flavonoids/pharmacology , Blotting, Western , Neuroprotective AgentsABSTRACT
Objetivo: revisar estudos sobre a prevalência e os fatores relacionados a dor em estudantes universitários brasileiros. Métodos: revisão sistemática com registro na Prospero (CRD42020204197), de artigos publicados em periódicos nacionais e internacionais, nas bases Pubmed, Ebsco, Lilacs, Medline, Portal da BVS, Google Acadêmico e SciELO. Descritores: "Pain", "Chronic Pain", Students", "Students, Health Occupations" e "Universities". Incluídos: a) estudos observacionais; b) transversais; c) publicados em periódicos nacionais ou internacionais; d) redigidos em inglês ou português; e) desenvolvidos com acadêmicos, em instituições de ensino superior brasileiras; f) que tenham avaliado a prevalência e fatores relacionados a dor; g) Tais estudos deviam estar disponíveis na íntegra. Não foram realizadas restrições quanto ao período de publicação dos estudos. Excluídos: h) estudos que não relataram a metodologia aplicada para mensuração do desfecho; i) estudos com instrumentos que não avaliaram a dor como desfecho primário, posteriormente apresentando dados insuficientes para análise dos resultados; j) estudos com acadêmicos de outros países; e k) estudos com inconsistência dos dados relacionados a amostra e seus principais resultados. O risco de viés foi avaliado com a escala Downs and Black e a proposta por Hoy. Resultados: as buscas identificaram 67 artigos, contudo, após análise, 10 foram incluídos. Esses eram estudos transversais, publicados entre 2011 e 2019, sendo cinco deles da região Nordeste. A amostra totalizou 3.268 acadêmicos, sendo 68% mulheres. A prevalência da dor variou entre 14,4% e 98% e a dor crônica entre 11,5% e 59,7%. A maior percepção da dor autorrelatada foi de 4,12 ± 2,15. As principais queixas álgicas foram nas regiões de lombar e de membros superiores. Na análise metodológica, os estudos possuem moderado a alto risco de viés. Conclusões: por fim, as evidências indicam uma alta prevalência de dor, bem como sua cronificação em universitários. Contudo, estudos com adequado rigor metodológico ainda são necessários para a confirmação dos resultados apresentados.
Objective: to review studies on the prevalence and factors related to pain in Brazilian university students. Methods: systematic review with PROSPERO record (CRD42020204197), of articles published in national and international journals, in PUBMED, EBSCO, LILACS, MEDLINE, VHL Portal, Google Scholar and SciELO. Descriptors: "Pain", "Chronic Pain", Students "," Students, Health Occupations "and" Universities ". Included: a) Observational studies; b) transversal; c) published in national or international journals; d) written in English or Portuguese; e) developed with academics, in Brazilian higher education institutions; f) who have assessed the prevalence and factors related to pain; g) Such studies should be available in full. There were no restrictions on the period of publication of the studies. Excluded: h) studies that did not report the methodology applied to measure the outcome; i) studies with instruments that did not evaluate pain as a primary outcome, subsequently presenting insufficient data to analyze the results; j) studies with academics from other countries and k) studies with inconsistent data related to the sample and its main results. The risk of bias was assessed using the Downs and Black scale and proposed by Hoy. Results: searches identified 67 articles, however, after analysis 10 were included. These were cross-sectional studies, published between 2011 and 2019, 5 of them from the Northeast region. The sample totaled 3,268 students, 68% of whom were women. The prevalence of pain varied between 14.4% and 98% and chronic pain between 11.5% and 59.7%. The highest perception of self-reported pain was 4.12 ± 2.15. The main pain complaints were in the lower back and upper limbs. In the methodological analysis, studies have a moderate to high risk of bias. Conclusions: finally, the evidence indicates a high prevalence of pain, as well as its chronicity in university students. However, studies with adequate methodological rigor are still needed to confirm the results presented.
Subject(s)
Humans , Chronic Pain , Pain , Students , Student HealthABSTRACT
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a key enzyme used to detect organophosphorus pesticide residues by the enzyme inhibition method. An accidental discovery of a mutant strain with AChE activity was made in our laboratory during the process of AChE expression by
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We synthesized a series of compounds bearing pharmacologically important 1,3,4-oxadiazole and piperidine moieties. Spectral data analysis by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR and EI-MS was used to elucidate the structures of the synthesized molecules. Docking studies explained the different types of interaction of the compounds with amino acids, while bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding interactions showed their pharmacological effectiveness. Antibacterial screening of these compounds demonstrated moderate to strong activity against Salmonella typhi and Bacillus subtilis but only weak to moderate activity against the other three bacterial strains tested. Seven compounds were the most active members as acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors. All the compounds presented displayed strong inhibitory activity against urease. Compounds 7l, 7m, 7n, 7o, 7p, 7r, 7u, 7v, 7x and 7v were highly active, with respective IC50 values of 2.14±0.003, 0.63±0.001, 2.17±0.006, 1.13±0.003, 1.21±0.005, 6.28±0.003, 2.39±0.005, 2.15±0.002, 2.26±0.003 and 2.14±0.002 µM, compared to thiourea, used as the reference standard (IC50 = 21.25±0.15 µM). These new urease inhibitors could replace existing drugs after their evaluation in comprehensive in vivo studies.
Subject(s)
Computer Simulation/classification , Salmonella typhi/classification , Sulfonamides/adverse effects , Thiourea , Bacillus subtilis/classification , Urease , Serum Albumin, Bovine , Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Data Analysis , Amino Acids/antagonists & inhibitorsABSTRACT
Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by a low level of acetylcholine, beta-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation and oxidative stress. Donepezil is the core medicine used for the treatment of AD. Various structural modifications of donepezil have been carried out. Benzylpiperidine part of donepezil has been replaced with benzylpyridine, pyridyl methylpiperidine, benzylpiperazine, pyrimidyl piperazine. These derived molecules showed promising activities as anti-Alzheimer agents. Replacement of indanone part by other heterocyclic rings such as pyridine resulted in the formation of compounds which exhibited monoamine oxidase (MAO) as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition. Propargylamine containing derivatives displayed AChE as well as MAO inhibition properties. Attachment of donepezil with natural compounds like ferulic acid, flavonoids, and curcumin showed antioxidant activities in addition to inhibition of the AChE. Benzylpiperidine and benzylpiperazine have also been combined with condensed heterocyclic rings and these compounds displayed promising anti-Alzheimer properties. This review highlights the important structural modifications of donepezil and their influence on biological activities as anti-Alzheimer agents.
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This research is to predict anti-Alzheimer's disease active constituents on the target of acetylcholinesterase(AChE) from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma with the help of pharmacophore and molecular docking. AChE ligand-based pharmacophore model was set up and the molecular library of the constituents from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma were established by collecting literature. Then the constituents from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma were screen for the potential AChE inhibitory potency in silico through matching with the best pharmacophore model. The flexible docking was used to evaluate the interactions between compounds screened from pharmacophore model and AChE protein(PDB ID:4 EY7). The interactions were expressed including but not limited to CDOCKER interaction energy, hydrogen bonds and non-bonding interactions. The molecular library of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma contains 44 chemical constituents. As for the pharmacophore model, six kinds of potential AChE inhibitory constituents from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma were considered to be the promising compounds according to the results of searching 3 D database of pharmacophore model. The molecular docking was possessed and the interaction patterns were given to show the detail interactions. The compounds screening from the pharmacophore model were consistent with the existing studies to some degree, indicating that the virtual screen protocols of AChE inhibitory constituents from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma based on pharmacophore and molecular docking was reliable.
Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Glycyrrhiza , Molecular Docking Simulation , Rhizome , TriterpenesABSTRACT
The hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-anchored cytochromes P450 (P450s) are mixed-function oxidases engaged in the biotransformation of physiologically relevant endobiotics as well as of myriad xenobiotics of therapeutic and environmental relevance. P450 ER-content and hence function is regulated by their coordinated hemoprotein syntheses and proteolytic turnover. Such P450 proteolytic turnover occurs through a process known as ER-associated degradation (ERAD) that involves ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation (UPD) and/or autophagic-lysosomal degradation (ALD). Herein, on the basis of available literature reports and our own recent findings of as well as experimental studies, we discuss the therapeutic and pathophysiological implications of altered P450 ERAD and its plausible clinical relevance. We specifically (i) describe the P450 ERAD-machinery and how it may be repurposed for the generation of antigenic P450 peptides involved in P450 autoantibody pathogenesis in drug-induced acute hypersensitivity reactions and liver injury, or viral hepatitis; (ii) discuss the relevance of accelerated or disrupted P450-ERAD to the pharmacological and/or toxicological effects of clinically relevant P450 drug substrates; and (iii) detail the pathophysiological consequences of disrupted P450 ERAD, contributing to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) under certain synergistic cellular conditions.
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Objective:To investigate whether ultrafine powder of Gastrodiae Rhizoma （UPG） can alleviate the learning and memory impairment of vascular dementia rats and delay the process of VD， and whether this effect is related to the release of acetylcholine （Ach） through the regulation with acetylcholinesterase （AChE） and choline acetyltransferase （ChAT） and control of cholinergic system. Method:SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group， UPG low dose group （0.45 g·kg-1）， UPG high dose group （1.8 g·kg-1） and Huperzine A group （80 μg·kg-1）， with 12 rats in each group. The drug administration groups were given orally drugs once a day for 8 weeks， and sham group and model group were given orally the same amount of distilled water. The learning and memory ability of the rats with VD were evaluated by the Morris water maze. Htoxylin eosin（HE） staining was used for pathomorphological observation of hippocampus CA1 area of the rats. The content of Ach was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）， AChE and ChAT protein expressions were detected by Western blot， and expression of ChAT in hippocampus CA1 area was observed by immunohistochemistry. Result:Compared with the sham operation group， the escape latency of the model group was significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the frequency of crossings platform and the time of staying in the target quadrant were reduced significantly （P<0.01）. HE staining of hippocampal tissues from VD rat showed neuron disorders， loss and degeneration and necrosis， pyknosis of the nucleus and light coloration of the cytoplasm. The level of acetylcholine in the hippocampus was significantly decreased by ELISA （P<0.05）， the expression level of AChE protein was significantly up-regulated， and the expression level of ChAT protein was significantly down-regulated （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， each administration group could significantly reduce the escape latency of the model rats， and significantly increase the frequency of crossing platform and the time of staying in the target quadrant （P<0.01）， the content of Ach was significantly increased （P<0.05）， the expression of AChE protein was significantly down-regulated （P<0.01）， while the expression of ChAT protein was significantly up-regulated （P<0.01）. Conclusion:UPG improves the learning and memory ability of vascular dementia rats， and its mechanism may be related to the increase of Ach， ChAT level and the decrease of AChE level.
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Background: In the earlier periods analgesia was restricted to surgical and immediate postoperative period. However, this was associated with a lot of morbidities to the patient in terms of surgical stress and increased requirements for analgesia as the pain persisted. Patient’s attitude and concern about postoperative pain need to be addressed preoperatively. Early interventions are essential for better long-term outcomes. Because of the multiplicity of mechanisms involved in postoperative pain, a multimodal analgesia regimen, with a combination of opioid and non-opioid analgesic drugs is often used to enhance analgesic efficacy, reduce opioid requirements and its side effects. Aim of the study: To compare the efficacy of ketorolac in the management of postoperative pain when administered intravenously or intramuscularly, to assess the efficacy of ketorolac by two routes of administration namely Intravenous (IV) and Intramuscular (IM). Materials and methods: This comparative study was done in 2015 in Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry. Totally 60 patients undergoing elective surgeries under ASA I/II was selected and they were divided into two groups of 30 patients each. Postoperatively the patients were examined at half hourly intervals for the first 6 hours for pain and it was graded using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). If VAS score was > 3, inj. Tramadol 1mg/kg IV was given as rescue analgesic and the time was noted. Any adverse effect such as dizziness, vomiting, nausea was also Maria Varun Raj, R. Ahila, Sangiev Koshy George. Comparative study on efficacy of Ketorolac in the management of postoperative pain when administered intravenously or intramuscularly. IAIM, 2019; 6(3): 164-169. Page 165 noted at half hourly interval for the first six hours following surgery. Total dosage and frequency of rescue analgesic tramadol in the 24 hour period were also calculated. Use of anti-emetics was noted. Results: Postoperative VAS score between the two groups was comparable at zero hours and after the first hour. However, at the 4th and 5th hour, there was a statistically significant difference in the scores between the two groups showing a better analgesic effect with the intramuscular route of administration of ketorolac. The mean VAS score at the end of the 5 th hour showed a statistical difference between the two groups (p=0.001). Postoperative VAS score between the two groups was comparable. However, at the 4th and 5th hour, there was a statistically significant difference in the score between the two groups. The mean duration of analgesia produced by intramuscular routes was found to be high when compared with that of the intravenous route and is statistically significant (p=0.001). The mean duration of analgesia produced by intramuscular routes was found to be high when compared with that of the intravenous route and is statistically significant. (p=0.001). Conclusion: We conclude that ketorolac can be used for postoperative analgesia in place of opioids in patients where opioid has to be avoided. Intramuscular administration provided more effective and prolonged pain relief when compared to intravenous administration.
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Objetivo: este estudo avaliou o impacto da estética vermelha do sorriso na qualidade de vida de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia periodontal de gengivectomia/gengivoplastia, utilizando laserterapia para o controle da dor pós-operatória. Metodologia: Vinte indivíduos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos com 10 integrantes: no grupo teste, foi aplicado laser de baixa intensidade na ferida cirúrgica e prescrição de analgésico; enquanto, no grupo controle foi realizada apenas a terapia com analgésico. A irradiação realizada numa sessão única, por 30 segundos em cada ponto, com Laser de Diodo (808 nm, 100 mW, 105J/cm2). O laser irradiou em 3 pontos, faces mesiovestibular, distovestibular e vestibular dos elementos envolvidos na cirurgia. No pós-operatório de 5 horas e do 1o ao 7º dias a Escala Visual Analógica avaliou a dor e quantidade de analgésico ingerida pelo paciente. O impacto das alterações estéticas no sorriso foi avaliado pelo OHIP-14 em três momentos: no pré-operatório e após 7 e 21 dias. Resultado: não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos com relação à dor e número de analgésico ingerido no período de pós-operatório avaliado. Houve uma redução significativa no valor do OHIP-14 total (p ≤ 0,05) em ambos os grupos e na dimensão desconforto psicológico (p = 0, 006) no grupo teste após a correção das alterações estéticas do sorriso dos indivíduos. Conclusão: a cirurgia periodontal estética impactou positivamente na qualidade de vida, principalmente na dimensão desconforto psicológico. O LBI no controle da dor e redução de analgésicos não apresentou significância (AU_
Objective: This study evaluated the impact of the red smile aesthetics on the quality of life of patients submitted to gingivectomy/gingivoplasty periodontal surgery, using laser therapy for postoperative pain control. Methodology: Twenty individuals were randomly assigned to two groups with 10 members: in test group, low intensity laser was applied to the surgical wound and prescription of analgesic; while in the control group, only analgesic therapy was performed. The irradiation performed in a single session, for 30 seconds at each point, with Diode Laser (808 nm, 100mW, 105J / cm²). The laser light irradiated in 3 points, mesiobuccal, distobuccal and vestibular faces of the elements involved in the surgery. In the postoperative period of 5 hours and from the 1st to 7th day, the Visual Analogue Scale evaluated the pain and amount of analgesic ingested by the patient. The impact of the aesthetic changes on the smile was evaluated by the OHIP-14 in three moments: in the preoperative and after 7 and 21 days. Result: There was no significant difference between the groups regarding pain and number of analgesic ingested in the postoperative period evaluated. There was a significant reduction in the value of total OHIP-14 (p ≤0.05) in both groups and in the psychological discomfort dimension (p = 0.006) in the test group after correction of aesthetic changes in the individuals' smile. Conclusion: Aesthetic periodontal surgery positively influenced the quality of life, especially in the psychological discomfort dimension. LIL in pain control and analgesic reduction did not show any significance. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Pain , Periodontics , Quality of Life , Gingivectomy , LasersABSTRACT
A pair of new tirucallane triterpenoid epimers, picraquassins M and N (1> and 2), were isolated from the stems of Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Benn. Their structures were determined based on comprehensive spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses. In addition, their AChE inhibitory activity, cytotoxicity against five human tumour cell lines (SW480, MCF-7, HepG2, Hela, and PANC-1), and antimicrobial activity against two bacteria (Staphylococcus. aureus 209P and Escherichia coli ATCC0111) and two fungi (Candida albicans FIM709 and Aspergillus niger R330) were evaluated.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effects of cluster needling at the scalp points on the expression of choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) and choline cholinesterase (AchE).@*METHODS@#A total of 60 Wistar rats were randomized into a sham-operation group, a model group, a medication group and a cluster needling group, 15 rats in each one. In the model group, the medication group and the cluster needling group, the models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) were established by the orienteering injection with Aβ1-42 in the bilateral hippocampal CA1 in the rats. In the sham-operation group, the distilled water was injected in bilateral hippocampus of rats. In the medication group, the lavage with aricept was adopted for the basic treatment, once a day, for 4 weeks consecutively. In the cluster needling group, on the base of the treatment as the medication group, the cluster needling at the scalp points was adopted, once a day, 6 times a week, for 4 weeks totally. In the sham-operation group and the model group, the normal feeding was provided. After intervention, the learning and memory ability was measured with Morris water maze in the rats of each group. The changes in the hippocampal gross structure were observed with HE staining. The changes in the positive expressions of hippocampal ChAT and AchE were determined with the immunohistochemical method.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the sham-operation group, the escape latency was prolonged and the percentage of the second quadrant and the frequency of platform leaping were reduced in the rats of the model group (all 0.05) and the expression of AchE was reduced (<0.05) in the medication group; the expression of ChAT was increased (<0.05) and that of AchE decreased (<0.01) in the cluster needling group. Compared with the medication group, the expression of ChAT was increased and that of AchE decreased in the cluster needling group (both <0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The effect mechanism of cluster needling at the scalp points on AD could be related to the up-regulation of ChAT expression and down-regulation of AchE expression in the hippocampus. The combined treatment with the cluster needling and aricept achieves the better therapeutic effect on AD.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Alzheimer Disease , Choline O-Acetyltransferase , Hippocampus , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Rats, Wistar , ScalpABSTRACT
Dor é a queixa mais frequente e uma das principais causas de atendimento nas emergências, sendo um dos sintomas mais vivenciados pelos doentes hospitalizados, no contexto oncológico, e considerada como uma emergência, porém, o seu o manejo ainda é um desafio. Uma vez que cada profissional percebe a dor do outro e a sua de forma subjetiva, e esta percepção traz implicações para o exercício do cuidado. Vislumbrando a prestação de um cuidado humanizado é necessário que o profissional possua além da competência técnica e científica, sensibilidade para compreender o outro como um ser único e possuidor de uma história de vida a quem se deva respeito e valor. Para tanto a pesquisa teve por Objetivo Geral compreender a percepção dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre dor e analgesia em cuidados paliativos. E por Objetivos Específicos descrever a percepção dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre dor e analgesia cuidados paliativos; e, interpretar a luz do Referencial teórico de Maurice Merleau-Ponty, como os profissionais lidam com a dor nos cuidados paliativos. É um estudo fenomenológico, descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa. O campo de pesquisa foi o Instituto Nacional do Câncer José de Alencar/ Hospital do Câncer IV (INCA). Participaram 24 profissionais que atuam prestando cuidado aos doentes oncológicos em cuidados paliativos e que aceitaram participar da pesquisa. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio do instrumento de protocolo de pesquisa; da entrevista fenomenológica. O parecer de aprovação ocorreu junto ao Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa do HUAP sob o número 22.240.560 e CAAE: 68434517.4.0000.5243. e do Instituto Nacional do Câncer José de Alencar Gomes da Silva- INCA/MS CAAE nº 68434517.4.3001.5274 e aprovado em 25 de agosto de 2017. Os dados inerentes às entrevistas foram analisados, resultando em 5 categorias: A corporeidade que cede a hegemonia médica: seguindo a prescrição médica, O corpo que se comunica, O Sentimento dos profissionais diante da dor mal controlada, O sentimento de quem cuida, Reflexões sobre o processo de cuidar da dor. Conclui-se que existe um conjunto de palavras que dão significados a dor para significar a dor pessoal e a dor profissional. O cuidado ao doente oncológico com dor, é um desafio para a equipe, considerando-se um fenômeno complexo que merece atenção diferenciada
Pain is the most frequent complaint and one of the main causes of care in emergencies, being one of the symptoms most experienced by hospitalized patients, in the oncological context. And considered as an emergency, however, its management is still a challenge. Since each professional perceives the pain of the other and his or her in a subjective way, and this perception has implications for the exercise of care. By glimpsing the provision of a humanized care, it is necessary for the professional to possess, beyond the technical and scientific competence, the sensitivity to understand the other as a unique being and possessor of a life history to whom one owes respect and value. For this purpose, the research had as a General Objective to understand the perception of nursing professionals about pain and analgesia in palliative care. And by Specific Objectives describe the perception of nursing professionals about pain and analgesia palliative care; and, interpret the light of Maurice Merleau-Ponty's theoretical reference, how professionals deal with pain in palliative care. It is a phenomenological, descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The field of research was the National Cancer Institute José de Alencar / Hospital do Câncer IV (INCA). Twenty-four professionals working to care for cancer patients in palliative care who agreed to participate in the study participated. Data collection took place through the instrument of research protocol; of the phenomenological interview. The approval opinion was presented to the Ethics and Research Committee of HUAP under number 22.240.560 and CAAE: 68434517.4.0000.5243. and the National Institute of Cancer José de Alencar Gomes da Silva- INCA / MS CAAE # 68434517.4.3001.5274 and approved on August 25, 2017. The data inherent to the interviews were analyzed, resulting in 5 categories: The corporeity that cedes medical hegemony: Following the medical prescription, The body that communicates, The Feeling of the professionals in the face of the poorly controlled pain, The feeling of who cares, Reflections on the process of taking care of the pain. One concludes that there is a set of words that give meaning to pain to mean personal pain and professional pain. Caring for the cancer patient with pain is a challenge for the team, considering a complex phenomenon that deserves differentiated attention.
El dolor es la queja más frecuente y una de las principales causas de atención en las emergencias, siendo uno de los síntomas más vivenciados por los enfermos hospitalizados, en el contexto oncológico. Y considerada como una emergencia, sin embargo, su manejo sigue siendo un desafío. Una vez que cada profesional percibe el dolor del otro y la suya de forma subjetiva, y esta percepción trae implicaciones para el ejercicio del cuidado. Vislumbrando la prestación de un cuidado humanizado es necesario que el profesional posea más allá de la competencia técnica y científica, sensibilidad para comprender al otro como un ser único y poseedor de una historia de vida a quien se deba respeto y valor. Para ello la investigación tuvo por Objetivo General comprender la percepción de los profesionales de enfermería sobre dolor y analgesia en cuidados paliativos. Y por Objetivos Específicos describir la percepción de los profesionales de enfermería sobre dolor y analgesia cuidados paliativos; y, interpretar la luz del Referencial teórico de Maurice Merleau-Ponty, como los profesionales tratan con el dolor en los cuidados paliativos. Es un estudio fenomenológico, descriptivo, con abordaje cualitativo. El campo de investigación fue el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer José de Alencar / Hospital del Cáncer IV (INCA). Participaron 24 profesionales que actúan prestando cuidado a los enfermos oncológicos en cuidados paliativos y que aceptaron participar de la investigación. La recolección de datos ocurrió por medio del instrumento de protocolo de investigación; de la entrevista fenomenológica. El dictamen de aprobación ocurrió ante el Comité de Ética e Investigación del HUAP bajo el número 22.240.560 y CAAE: 68434517.4.0000.5243. y el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer José de Alencar Gomes da Silva-INCA / MS CAAE nº 68434517.4.3001.5274 y aprobado el 25 de agosto de 2017. Los datos inherentes a las entrevistas fueron analizados, resultando en 5 categorías: La corporeidad que cede la hegemonía médica: El cuerpo que se comunica, El sentimiento de los profesionales ante el dolor mal controlado, El sentimiento de quien cuida, Reflexiones sobre el proceso de cuidar del dolor. Se concluye que existe un conjunto de palabras que dan significados el dolor para significar el dolor personal y el dolor profesional. El cuidado al enfermo oncológico con dolor, es un desafío para el equipo, considerándose un fenómeno complejo que merece atención diferenciada